Catalog: add a free form key value map on components, dataformats, languages, etc

Camel K would like to receive the info which Camel components are included in a given Camel Quarkus extension, see https://github.com/apache/camel-quarkus/issues/2368

Adding a free form key value map for storing this and any other subproject specific info seems to make more sense than adding dedicated attributes that would have little to no meaning in the context of Camel Core.