Why do we see test failure/regression cause ERROR 22003: The resulting value is outside the range for the data type DECIMAL/NUMERIC(30,15)

This may be a regression or maybe a design change, not sure of which as the same tests pass for us on Java SE 11/17 with https://dlcdn.apache.org//db/derby/db-derby-10.15.2.0/db-derby-10.15.2.0-bin.zip.

We are seeing a JDBC TCK test failure (Jakarta EE 10 TCK) when testing against https://db.apache.org/derby/releases/release-10_17_1_0.cgi on java 21 with the external project https://github.com/wildfly/wildfly that I contribute to.

I marked this issue as a bug but I really have no idea where the bug is.  The JDBC test that is failing is https://github.com/jakartaee/platform-tck/blob/10.0.x/src/com/sun/ts/tests/jdbc/ee/callStmt/callStmt16/callStmtClient16.java#L968 when run on Java 21 with 10.17.1.0.

The failure is:

Caused by: ERROR 22003: The resulting value is outside the range for the data type DECIMAL/NUMERIC(30,15).
\u001b[0m\u001b[0m12:39:19,524 INFO [stdout] (Thread-69) at org.apache.derby.client//org.apache.derby.client.am.ClientStatement.completeExecute(ClientStatement.java:1868)
\u001b[0m\u001b[0m12:39:19,524 INFO [stdout] (Thread-69) at org.apache.derby.client//org.apache.derby.client.net.NetStatementReply.parseEXCSQLSTTreply(NetStatementReply.java:323)
\u001b[0m\u001b[0m12:39:19,524 INFO [stdout] (Thread-69) at org.apache.derby.client//org.apache.derby.client.net.NetStatementReply.readExecuteCall(NetStatementReply.java:107)
\u001b[0m\u001b[0m12:39:19,524 INFO [stdout] (Thread-69) at org.apache.derby.client//org.apache.derby.client.net.StatementReply.readExecuteCall(StatementReply.java:84)
\u001b[0m\u001b[0m12:39:19,524 INFO [stdout] (Thread-69) at org.apache.derby.client//org.apache.derby.client.net.NetStatement.readExecuteCall_(NetStatement.java:193)
\u001b[0m\u001b[0m12:39:19,524 INFO [stdout] (Thread-69) at org.apache.derby.client//org.apache.derby.client.am.ClientStatement.readExecuteCall(ClientStatement.java:1831)
\u001b[0m\u001b[0m12:39:19,524 INFO [stdout] (Thread-69) at org.apache.derby.client//org.apache.derby.client.am.ClientPreparedStatement.flowExecute(ClientPreparedStatement.java:2180)
\u001b[0m\u001b[0m12:39:19,524 INFO [stdout] (Thread-69) at org.apache.derby.client//org.apache.derby.client.am.ClientPreparedStatement.executeUpdateX(ClientPreparedStatement.java:410)
\u001b[0m\u001b[0m12:39:19,524 INFO [stdout] (Thread-69) at org.apache.derby.client//org.apache.derby.client.am.ClientPreparedStatement.executeUpdate(ClientPreparedStatement.java:396)
\u001b[0m\u001b[0m12:39:19,524 INFO [stdout] (Thread-69) ... 16 more

The called stored procedure source is at https://github.com/jakartaee/platform-tck/blob/10.0.x/sql/derby/derby.ddl.sprocs.sql#L224 which contains:

create procedure Decimal_In_Max (in MAX_PARAM DECIMAL(30,15)) language java external name 'com.sun.ts.lib.tests.jdbc.CS_Procs.Decimal_In_Max' parameter style java;

The referenced com.sun.ts.lib.tests.jdbc.CS_Procs.Decimal_In_Max contains:

    Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:default:connection");
    PreparedStatement ps = con
        .prepareStatement("update Decimal_Tab set MAX_VAL=?");

    ps.setBigDecimal(1, max_param);
    ps.executeUpdate();

    ps.close();
    ps = null;
    con.close();
    con = null;
  }

More details are being added soon ...