libhdfs++: Implement Python bindings

It'd be really useful to have bindings for various scripting languages. Python would be a good start because of it's popularity and how easy it is to interact with shared libraries using the ctypes module. I think bindings for the V8 engine that nodeJS uses would be a close second in terms of expanding the potential user base.

Probably worth starting with just adding a synchronous API and building from there to avoid interactions with python's garbage collector until the bindings prove to be solid.